As an SEO one of the most common things I find when I sit down to analyze an existing web site is that it was built either a long time ago or with aging techniques. The situation is different every time, but I almost invariably find myself suggesting to the client that some coding changes are in order at the most basic level. This may be as simple as using proper heading tags where aging <font> tags were used to add relevance to the page. I often rebuild image-based navigation menus using CSS and valuable anchor text. In the more extreme cases I’ll suggest to the client that the best bet for on-page optimization is to reconstruct the site layout entirely with more SEO-friendly methods.

Table-based Woes
There are a lot of good arguments on both sides as to whether tables are still a good method to lay out web pages. With the advent of CSS-driven layouts several years ago it became possible to achieve very clean code while still creating vivid visual experiences. However, there are still plenty (and a majority, in my experience) of web sites out there that use tables for layout. Do these sites function more-or-less exactly like their CSS-driven counterparts? More-or-less, yes. The user experience can be identical. When it comes to the source code, however, there are usually some very big differences.

I recently rebuilt a client’s eCommerce site and the result was an estimated 300 less lines of code per page. While it would be arbitrary to argue that this count has a direct correlation to search rankings it certainly demonstrates the level of extraneous code that table-based layouts without significant CSS support can contain. This site was in particularly bad shape with no heading tags to be found and JavaScript-driven rollover images for all navigation.

It took about twelve hours to recode the template and migrate the content. Today this client enjoys much better rankings and traffic. All the result of the CSS rebuild? Obviously not - like any SEO worth his salt I combined this rebuild with ongoing link building and content optimization efforts. I find it hard to discount this, though, since the improvement in the hierarchy and density of content in the code was significant.

CSS and Information Hierarchy
Google openly calls for the proper use of HTML to tag page content and the maintenance of a clear hierarchy in their webmaster guidelines. Ignoring spam filter issues (which you should be effortlessly avoiding by being honest, right?) it makes sense to maintain proper tagging and organization in your source code. What makes CSS so viable a solution for SEO is that it keeps the layout and presentation out of the way. A well-coded page with proper CSS support can have all of the visuals of a table-based counterpart but with source code that is easy, even comfortable, to read for a human being. It isn’t much of a stretch to say that this cleanliness and organization probably improves page relevance in the eyes of Google and the crawl process as well.

Some other ways that a CSS-driven layout offers improvements:

• Faster page load times
• Code order flexibility (the ability to move content higher to the top of the source code without altering the page visually)
• Easier and quicker site updates and maintenance
• Improved accessibility (for vision-impaired users and otherwise)
• Link building opportunities (from online galleries for notably-designed CSS-driven web sites)

Crawler Resource Management
Google is running some of the most powerful servers in the world. No doubt, when Googlebot sets out to index pages it is driven by a very quick machine. However, the shear volume of the web as well as the rate at which Googlebot indexes new pages (usually a week or more) suggests that resource management is a big part of Google’s careful measurements. It is reasonable to expect, then, that when Googlebot visits a page that contains thousands of lines of code it doesn’t bother reading through to the end. At some point the crawlers will cut and run - there are, after all, billions of other web pages they need to get to. CSS-layouts drastically reduce the amount of source code needed to present content pages, making it less likely that Googlebot or another crawler will abandon the crawl process and leave your page before scanning all content.

Is rebuilding your site with a CSS-driven layout going to launch you to top rankings for competitive search terms? Probably not, but it should help. Most table-based sites that don’t use CSS support are also poorly optimized from other standpoints - inbound links, content relevance, keyword research, etc. A CSS-driven layout coupled with proper HTML tagging leaves you with the best platform possible to improve your search rankings down the line. It has also, in many cases, brought on an almost immediate improvement in search visibility for established web sites.

By Mike Tekula
Mike Tekula is the founder and Lead Strategist at Tek Web Solutions, a New York SEO Company that specializes in driving increased web site traffic.

The most important thing to consider, when first thinking about any website, is the user. Like so much marketing, websites are, unfortunately, too often developed ‘inside out’ (company focused) rather than ‘outside in’ (customer focused).

All website users have their own reasons and objectives for visiting a site. No matter how targeted, any website has to communicate with a wide range of individual users.

To be successful, therefore, every site has to give each and every user a thorough but simple presentation of the site’s content so that the site achieves your objectives e.g. registrations, leads, sales.

To do this successfully, users want:

Simple Navigation
Navigation that is clear and consistent.

Probably the worst issue is ‘lost visitors’ – those who are in a maze and don’t know where they are in the site.

The site should always allow users to easily return to the home page and preferably get to any page with one click.

Studies have shown that users want to find things fast, and this means that they prefer menus with intuitive ranking, organization and multiple choices to many layers of simplified menus. The menu links should be placed in a consistent position on every page.

Clarity
Users do not appreciate an over-designed site.

A website should be consistent and predictable. For maximum clarity, your site design should be built on a consistent pattern of modular units that all share the same basic layout, graphics etc.

Designing Websites That Meet Their Objectives

Everything above is pretty simple, but how do you ensure that you can achieve it?

The answer is website architecture – an approach to the design and content that brings together not just design and hosting but all aspects of function, design, technical solutions and, most importantly, usability.

The distinction may seem academic but imagine trying to publish a magazine using just graphic design and printing whilst ignoring content and editing. It just would not work yet that’s what too many people still try to do.

Website Architecture

Defining a website using web architecture requires:

• Site maps
• Flow charts
• Wireframes
• Storyboards
• Templates
• Style guide
• Prototypes

This planning saves you (the client) money. The better the site map, flow chart, wireframe, storyboard, templates, style guide and prototype the more time and money you save because it gives the designer who has to do the graphics and the developer who has to do the programming a blueprint.

We are constantly amazed that people who wouldn’t think about building a house, car, ship or whatever will still build a website without an architectural plan.

The benefits include:

• Meeting business goals
• Improved usability
• Reducing unnecessary features
• Faster delivery

Site Maps
Many people are familiar with site maps on web sites which are generally a cluster of links.

An architectural site map is more of a visual model (blueprint) of the pages of a web site.

The representation helps everyone to understand what the site is about and the links required as well as the different page templates that will be needed.

Flow Charts
A flowchart is another pictorial or visual representation to help visualize the content and find flaws in the process from say merchandise selection to final payment.

It’s a pictorial summary that shows with symbols and words the steps, sequence, and relationship of the various operations involved and how they are linked so that the flow of visitors and information through the site is optimized.

Wireframes
Wireframes take their name from the skeletal wire structures that underlie a sculpture. Without this foundation, there is no support for the fleshing-out that creates the finished piece.

Wireframes are a basic visual guide to suggest the layout and placement of fundamental design elements on any page. A wireframe shows every click through possibility on your site. It’s a “text only” model to allow for the development of variations before any expensive graphic design and programming, but one that also helps to maintain design consistency throughout the site.

Creating wireframes allows everyone on the client and developer side to see the site and whether it’s ‘right’ or needs changes without expensive programming. The goal of a wireframe is to ensure your visitors’ needs will be met in the website. If you meet their needs, you will meet your objectives.

To create a wireframe requires dialogue. You and your developers talk, to translate your business successfully into a website. Nobody knows your business better than you and your developers should listen to ensure the resulting wireframe accurately represents your business. You, however, must answer the questions; questions such as:

• What does a visitor do at this point?
• Where can a visitor go from here?

and ignore questions about what your visitor sees at this point. Sounds easy, but!

Storyboards
Storyboards were first used by Walt Disney to produce cartoons. A storyboard is a “comic” produced to help everyone visualize the scenes and find potential problems before they occur. When creating a film, a storyboard provides a visual layout of events as they are to be seen through the camera. In the case of a website, it is the layout and sequence in which the user or viewer sees the content or information.

However, the wireframe provides the outline for your storyboard. Developers and designers don’t need to work in a vacuum - the wireframe guides every design, information architecture, navigation, usability and content consideration. Wireframes define “what is there” while the storyboards define “how it looks”.

Templates and Style Guide
Templates are standard layouts containing basic details of a page type that separates the business (follow the $) logic from the presentation (graphics etc) logic so that there can be maximum flexibility in presentation while disrupting the underlying business infrastructure as little as possible.

Style guides document the design requirements for a site. They define font classes and other design conventions (line spacing, font sizes, underlining, bullet types etc.) to be followed in the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) used to provide a library of styles that are used in the various page types in a web site.

Prototypes
A prototype is working model that is not yet finished. It demonstrates the major technical, design, and content features of the site.

A prototype does not have the same testing and documentation as the final product, but allows client and developers to make sure, once again, that the final product works in the way that is wanted and meets the business objectives.

Once you have built your virtual site, it’s a lot quicker, easier and cheaper to build the real one.

By Richard D S Hill
Richard Hill is a director of E-CRM Solutions and has spent many years in senior direct and interactive marketing roles. E-CRM provides EBusiness, ECommerce and Emarketing and ECRM.
http://www.e-crm.co.uk/profile/message170807.html

Introduction
I have read hundreds of articles telling me how to get better rankings in Google. Some of this advice was very good and some was not. Here you will find 10 truths about getting better rankings in Google that I personally have found to be true after years of research. So let’s cut through the fat and get to the lean meat of the subject.

1. The Quick Fix
First the bad news, unfortunately there are no quick fixes in creating higher rankings in Google. You have to have a lot of patience in the search engine optimization game. It will take months for your efforts to come to fruition. That’s why it’s important to get things right from the start and plan out your strategy.

2. Keywords
Keywords are the most important part of search engine optimization. You must do your keyword research before starting your website if you can, because this will form the basis of all your search engine optimization.

There is no point going for broad keywords such as “website design” since there is too much competition for those keywords and you will find it very difficult, if not impossible, to reach the top spot in Google. You are better off using long tail niche keywords. They will have a smaller search volume, but it will be easier to obtain top position. People are more likely to find what they are looking for with long tail keywords. For example, if someone needs a website, they may type “web design” into Google and visit a few websites. They may then discover they also need hosting and a domain name and do another search for “website design hosting and domain name services” and this may be your niche keyword or key phrase.

How do you find keywords that people are searching for? Well a good free tool can be found at SeoBook.com or, if you want something more professional, you can use wordtracker an excellent service for finding niche keywords. You should try and get at least 10 keyword phrases.

Once you have found your keywords, do a search with them on Google. First of all look at how many results there are. If it’s in the millions, then maybe your keywords are not that good and would be too competitive.

If you can find keywords with results at about 50,000, then you could be onto a winner. You should also check out your competition. Click on the top result for your keyword in the SERPS (search engine results pages) and check out their pagerank. This will give you a rough idea of what you need to achieve to get top placement. Also, you should check to see how many links they have pointing to their website as this will give you a rough idea of how many links you will need to get to the top position. To do this, in the search box type link: www.thedomain.com and you will get a list of websites that link to that domain, but it’s a good idea to do this in the Yahoo search engine because it provides a more extensive list of back links. Google will only show you a percentage of their links, usually pagerank 3 or higher.

Remember, these are only rough estimates because every website is different and less, more relevant links will achieve better results.

3. Title Tag
Google sees the title tag as the most important and relevant part of the webpage it retrieves. This is one of the few things you have any control over in Google’s search results. The title tag is the underlined header for your result in the SERPS. It also appears at top of your browser window. Keep this descriptive and readable but at the same time include your newly found niche keywords. Google will also highlight the keywords in your title that were included in the search query.

4. Description Tag
The description tag is the description of the webpage which resides under the title tag in the results. Again use your keywords in here, maybe some of the lesser ones you discovered. This is the only other part of the results you have any control over. Google will also highlight the keywords in here that match the search query. Again remember to keep it descriptive and readable.

5. Domain Names
If you can, try and include your main keywords in your domain name. Google will highlight them when they match the search query. This can give your ranking a little boost bcause it will show that your website is relevant to the search query.

6. Content
Content is very important. If you have ever changing fresh, unique content on your website relating to your topic, Google will love you for it and other websites will link to you. In return, this will increase your rankings, but you should really be doing this anyway. A website with no changing content is a dead website. Your content should contain your keywords, but don’t spam your content with your keywords. Use them at the start and end of your webpage and sprinkle them in-between. Also use them in your header text and even bold a few as this shows Google that these words bear more importance.

7. Pagerank
Why are people so obsessed with that little green bar on the Google tool bar? Well I’m here to tell you that you can stop obsessing about it right now.

The thing about the pagerank bar is it can be at least 3 months out of date as Google only updates it in roughly a 3-month cycle. Only Google knows your true pagerank which changes all the time. Google regularly spiders your website and scans for new content and links to show the most relevant content in its results. Therefore pagerank is pretty inaccurate.

The other thing people get confused about is that it’s called pagerank not siterank. What I have determined is that your website will get assigned a pagerank figure and then it will be distributed through your indexed pages, for example if your website gets a figure of 5, then your home page may get a pagerank of 3 and your other pages get a 2 or maybe a 1 and so on. If these other pages also have links to them, this will increase their own individual pagerank.

The only advantage of that green bar that I can see is for exchanging links. You can get a rough idea of what a website’s ranking is and you can decide whether or not to exchange links.

8. Linking
One-way links are better than 2 way links, but one-way links can be harder to obtain. Why should someone put your link on their website; what’s in it for them? You can do this by writing articles like this one and submitting them to article websites, social media websites or on your own blog, but remember to add an author’s bio which includes some links to your website.

Reciprocal links are easier to come by, but in the early stages, when you don’t have a good pagerank will be more difficult to obtain. Once your pagerank increases you can be more selective of the pagerank you exchange with.

Don’t forget about the guys starting out when your green bar starts to increase. If they have a website with good quality content, then you should consider linking with them. Remember we all need to start somewhere and today’s page rank of 1 is tomorrow’s pagerank 5. Try to link with relevant websites because Google likes this, and you will receive quality traffic from these websites for years to come.

Also, I have found a great little tool which checks potential link partners to see if they are linking to bad neighbourhoods. A link exchange with a penalized website could also result in a Google penalty for your site. The tool can be found at:

http://www.bad-neighborhood.com/text-link-tool.htm
Editor’s Note: The page at the above URL might not be visible in all web browsers but is visible in Internet Explorer.

9. The Open Directory (DMOZ)
You should always submit your website to DMOZ since it can take an age to get listed there and Google uses these results in its organic results sometimes. I recently wrote an article discussing this topic and some people commented on this and said that they haven’t submitted to DMOZ and their rankings are fine. This may be true, but one thing you should remember is that lots of directory websites use DMOZ results, which in turn will get you more one-way links.

10. Blogs
Blogs are loved by Google because they have lots of text and are constantly getting updated; so start your own blog on your website. Include articles, stories and anything that’s related to your website. If you give people something of interest, they will come back for more and link to you.

That’s all for now, take care and good luck! And remember, you only get out of something what you put in to it.

By Kevin Gallagher
Kevin Gallagher is the managing director of Umbrella a custom website design company in the Scottish Borders providing small business website design, website builder software and affordable company SEO services.